Latin Case Endings

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Latin Noun Declensions

1st–3rd Declensions

1st Declension
ancilla (f)		 2nd Declension
dominus (m)		 2nd Declension
bellum (n)		 3rd Declension
miles (m)		 3rd Declension
māter (f)		 3rd Declension
opus (n)
Singular
Nominative ancilla dominus bellum miles māter opus
Accusative ancillam dominum bellum militem mātrem opus
Genitive ancillae dominī bellī militis mātris operis
Dative ancillae dominō bellō militī mātrī operī
Ablative ancillā dominō bellō milite mātre opere
Plural
Nominative ancillae dominī bella militēs mātrēs opera
Accusative ancillās dominōs bella militēs mātrēs opera
Genitive ancillārum dominōrum bellōrum militum mātrum operum
Dative ancillīs dominīs bellīs militibus mātribus operibus
Ablative ancillīs dominīs bellīs militibus mātribus operibus

4th Declension

4th Declension
exercitus (m) – army
Singular
Nominative exercitus
Accusative exercitum
Genitive exercitūs
Dative exercituī
Ablative exercitū
Plural
Nominative exercitūs
Accusative exercitūs
Genitive exercituum
Dative exercitibus
Ablative exercitibus

5th Declension

5th Declension
diēs (m) – day
Singular
Nominative diēs
Accusative diem
Genitive diēī
Dative diēī
Ablative diē
Plural
Nominative diēs
Accusative diēs
Genitive diērum
Dative diēbus
Ablative diēbus

What the Cases Do

Case What it shows Examples
Nominative The subject of the sentence or a predicate nominative (renaming the subject). Ancilla est laeta.
The slave-girl is happy.

Dominus est magister.
The master is a teacher.
Accusative Direct object of a verb.
Also used with prepositions showing motion towards or into (ad, in, per, trans, etc.).
Can show duration of time.		 Dominum video.
I see the master.

Ad villam festino.
I hurry to the house.

Quīnque diēs manēbō.
I will stay five days.
Genitive Possession (“of”)
Partitive (“of” / “some of”)
Description / quality
Objective or subjective genitive.		 Pecūnia dominī – the master’s money
Multum vīnī – a lot of wine
Puer magnae stultitiae – a boy of great stupidity
Dative Indirect object (“to” or “for” someone).
Used with many special verbs (e.g., crēdō, parcō, persuādeō).
Dative of advantage / reference.		 Ancillae librum dedī.
I gave a book to the slave-girl.

Mihi crēde!
Believe me!
Ablative Very versatile case. Common uses include:
• Separation / “from” or “away from”
• Accompaniment (“with” a person)
• Means / instrument (“by” or “with” a thing)
• Manner
• Time when / time within which
• Object of many prepositions (in, ex, cum, ab, dē, prō, etc.).		 Ex villā ambulō. – I walk out of the house.
Cum ancillā sedeō. – I sit with the slave-girl.
Gladiō pugnāvit. – He fought with a sword.
Eōdem diē vēnit. – He came on the same day.

Tip: When you see a preposition, the case it takes will usually tell you the exact meaning (motion towards = accusative; location / separation = ablative).