Latin Prepositions

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Latin Grammar Reference

1. Prepositions + Accusative

These indicate motion towards, across, around, or purpose.

Preposition Meaning Example Sentence Translation
ad to, towards puer ad urbem currit the boy runs to the city
ante before servus ante dominum stat the slave stands before the master
circum around mīlitēs circum murum ambulant the soldiers walk around the wall
contrā against hostēs contrā Rōmānōs pugnant the enemies fight against the Romans
in into in villam ambulāvī I walked into the house
inter among, between puella inter amīcōs sedet the girl sits among friends
per through nautae per mare nāvigant the sailors sail through the sea
post after, behind post cēnam dormīvimus we slept after dinner
prope near agricola prope flūmen habitat the farmer lives near the river
propter because of propter tempestātem manēmus we stay because of the storm
trāns across legātus trāns flūmen ambulat the envoy walks across the river

2. Prepositions + Ablative

These indicate place where, means, accompaniment, or separation.

Preposition Meaning Example Sentence Translation
ā/ab from, by servus ā dominō vocātur the slave is called by the master
cum with cum amīcō ambulō I walk with a friend
dē about, down from dē monte descendit he comes down from the mountain
ē/ex out of ex urbe venit he comes out of the city
in (+ abl.) in, on in villā manet he stays in the house
prō for, on behalf of prō patriā pugnant they fight for their country
sine without sine pecūniā vīvere nōn possumus we cannot live without money
sub (+ abl.) under sub arbore sedēmus we sit under the tree

3. Prepositions with Two Cases

Preposition Case Meaning Example Translation
in + accusative into in urbem intrat he enters into the city
+ ablative inside in urbe habitat he lives in the city
sub + accusative to beneath (motion) sub arborem currit he runs under the tree
+ ablative under (position) sub arbore sedet he sits under the tree

Latin Noun Declensions

Nouns 1st declension
Ancilla (f)
Slave girl		 2nd declension
Dominus (m)
Master		 2nd declension
Bellum (n)
War		 3rd declension
Mīlēs (m)
Soldier		 3rd declension
Māter (f)
Mother		 3rd declension
Opus (n)
Work		 3rd declension
Iter (n)
Journey
Singular
Nom ancill-a domin-us bell-um mīlēs māter opus iter
Acc ancill-am domin-um bell-um mīlit-em mātr-em opus iter
Gen ancill-ae domin-ī bell-ī mīlit-is mātr-is oper-is itiner-is
Dat ancill-ae domin-ō bell-ō mīlit-ī mātr-ī oper-ī itiner-ī
Abl ancill-ā domin-ō bell-ō mīlit-e mātr-e oper-e itiner-e
Plural
Nom ancill-ae domin-ī bell-a mīlit-ēs mātr-ēs oper-a itiner-a
Acc ancill-ās domin-ōs bell-a mīlit-ēs mātr-ēs oper-a itiner-a
Gen ancill-ārum domin-ōrum bell-ōrum mīlit-um mātr-um oper-um itiner-um
Dat ancill-īs domin-īs bell-īs mīlit-ibus mātr-ibus oper-ibus itiner-ibus
Abl ancill-īs domin-īs bell-īs mīlit-ibus mātr-ibus oper-ibus itiner-ibus

Nouns 4th declension
Exercitus (m)		 4th declension
Cornū (n)		 5th declension
Diēs (m/f)		 (comparison: 3rd)
Mīlēs (m)
Singular
Nom exercit-us corn-ū di-ēs mīlēs
Acc exercit-um corn-ū di-em mīlit-em
Gen exercit-ūs corn-ūs di-ēī mīlit-is
Dat exercit-uī corn-ū di-ēī mīlit-ī
Abl exercit-ū corn-ū di-ē mīlit-e
Plural
Nom exercit-ūs corn-ua di-ēs mīlit-ēs
Acc exercit-ūs corn-ua di-ēs mīlit-ēs
Gen exercit-uum corn-uum di-ērum mīlit-um
Dat exercit-ibus corn-ibus di-ēbus mīlit-ibus
Abl exercit-ibus corn-ibus di-ēbus mīlit-ibus