Latin First Declension

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First Declension: ancilla

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ancilla ancillae
Vocative ancilla ancillae
Accusative ancillam ancillās
Genitive ancillae ancillārum
Dative ancillae ancillīs
Ablative ancillā ancillīs

What the Cases Do

Case What it shows Example
Nominative The subject case. It shows who or what is doing the action. Ancilla est laeta
The slave-girl is happy.
Accusative Shows the direct object (the person or thing affected by the verb).
Also shows movement towards when used with ad.		 Dominum videō
I see the master.

Ad ancillam festīnō
I hurry towards the slave-girl.
Genitive Shows ownership, quantity, or description.
English often uses “of” for this.		 Pecūniam dominī habeō
I have the master’s money.

Plus vīnī cupiō
I want more wine.

Puer magnae stultitiae est
He is a boy of great stupidity.
Dative Shows the indirect object – usually “to” or “for”.
Also used with certain common verbs.		 Ancillae dīxī
I spoke to the slave-girl.

Librum puerō dedī
I gave a book to the boy.
Ablative Used for many ideas, usually helped by a preposition.
Learn to recognise the case, but rely on the preposition to guide you.		 In villā sedeō – I sit in the house.

Ex villā ambulō – I walk out of the house.

Ab villā ambulō – I walk away from the house.

Cum ancillā sedeō – I sit with the slave-girl.